The Coral 312 Program is a collaborative effort that involves many different government entities. Those involved in the program include:

• Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC) . Whenever a grounding occurs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), FFWCC officers (who are cross-deputized to enforce NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Program regulations) are usually the first to respond. If the grounding takes place on a coral reef and more than 10 square meters of coral are injured, officers will notify a restoration biologist of the need for an injury assessment. Coral groundings that cause less than 10 square meters of damage are handled directly by FFWCC officers under the civil penalty provisions of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (NMSA) .
• NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, Damage Assessment, Remediation, and Restoration Program (DARRP). A DARRP economist is responsible for completing the habitat equivalency analysis and estimating the costs of primary and compensatory restoration, monitoring, and oversight.
• NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR). CCFHR is developing a coral recovery model that predicts how quickly coral injuries will recover to pregrounding conditions, which is vital information for the habitat equivalency analysis.
• NOAA Office of the General Counsel for Natural Resources (GCNR). GCNR is responsible for providing legal representation for NOAA claims under NMSA in settlement negotiations and preparing all legal documents. Although obtaining out-of-court settlements is preferable, GCNR also participates in cases that require litigation.
• Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). The Coral 312 Program addresses only groundings that occur within FKNMS. Stretching 220 miles, the sanctuary protects a subtropical archipelago known worldwide for its extensive offshore coral reefs. It also sustains many other interdependent habitats, including fringing mangroves and seagrass meadows. Designated in 1990, the purposes of FKNMS are protection and management of the sanctuary resources. NOAA and the state of Florida comanage FKNMS, and FKNMS biologists implement coral restoration and monitoring.
• NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP). Administered by NOAA's National Ocean Service, NMSP protects and manages the habitats, ecological value, threatened and endangered species, historic and archeological resources, and recreational and aesthetic resources of specially designated areas of the nation's oceans and Great Lakes. NMSP is the federal trustee for natural resources in the 13 national marine sanctuaries. The authority to seek damages for injury to sanctuary resources is mandated in the National Marine Sanctuaries Act , and the responsibility to pursue such damages is delegated to NMSP. NMSP oversees the Coral 312 Program and ensures consistency with other program policies and with the mandates and regulations of other federal agencies.
• State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) . DEP is the state trustee for all natural resources in FKNMS and is responsible for overseeing the Coral 312 Program and ensuring consistency with other state agencies.